HVAC Glossary
When Hiring An HVAC Company
HVAC Glossary Page
Plus ... Practical Advice
ACCA - Air Conditioning of America - United States trade association representing HVAC & refrigeration contractors.
Active Cooling- The use of mechanical heat pipes or pumps to transport heat by circulating heat transfer fluids to cool and de-humidify the air.
Activated Carbon - Also called activated charcoal or activated coal, this is a form of carbon that has been processed and commonly used in air filter media to clean the air.
Air Balancing - Do you have some rooms that are too hot or too cold? Do you have "thermostat wars" as people disagree on settings as they try to get comfortable? Do you find that you must use supplementary heaters to keep warm in the winter, and supplemental fans to keep cool in the summer? If so, having your air duct system balanced might solve your comfort problems (and save you energy dollars to boot). Air balancing is a process of measuring and adjusting air flow in each room to the needs of the occupants.
Air-Cooled - Using a fan to move heat away from the condenser coil to the outside air.
Air Filter - A device used to remove unwanted particles, vapors, or odors from indoor air. Filters can be installed as part of a heating-cooling system through which air flows for the purpose of removing particulates before or after the air enters the mechanical components. Basically they serve two functions: to protect the equipment from damage and improve indoor air quality. Changing your HVAC air filters is the easiest thing you can do to make sure your system runs at its highest efficiency. If your HVAC Media Filters are dirty, they will reduce the amount of air that your blower can use flow across the coil.
AFUE - According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), heating and cooling the average home in the U.S. accounts for about 56% of home energy use, making it the largest energy expense for most households. It is important then to have a way to know just how energy efficient home heating and cooling appliances are when purchasing them for your home. To give consumers an objective measure of how efficient fuel fired heating systems are, the AFUE rating was established. A number that represents the percentage of energy that is converted to usable heat inside the home. For example, if your home AFUE rating is 75, that would mean that 75% of the fuel consumed warms your house and the remaining 25% is lost in exhaust, and so on.
Air Handling Unit - The air handling unit (AHU) is a complicated device involving many interrelated design selections that affect its energy efficiency. It is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. Usually, an air handler is a large metal box containing a blower, heating and-or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers usually connect to ductwork that distributes the20conditioned air through the building, and returns it to the AHU. The overall efficiency of an AHU is determined by the energy it takes to move a given quantity of air against the system. Three major energy choices for the AHU design must be considered: 1) Reducing AHU pressure drop. 2) Incorporating the most efficient fan "system." 3) Displacing conventional cooling and heating energy. Sometimes AHUs discharge (supply) and admit (return) air directly to and from the space served, without ductwork.
Air Infiltration - A term that relates to air leaking into or out of a home through small cracks in doors frames, window frames, outlets, walls, floors, roof, and other construction. It is a primary component of heat loss and is measured in Air Changes per Hour (ACH). The unwanted entry of air into a home. Heat is lost to infiltration and air loss by over 3 times the amount it is lost due to ceilings. Focus on tightening up your home to air infiltration and leakage first including windows and doors, then focus on investing on insulation. Also, considering insulating the attic first. Although less heat is lost there than the walls, it is much less expensive to insulate the attic than the walls.
Air Source - The use of ambient air as the heat source with heat pumps.
Air Vent - Ventilation is the intentional movement of air from outside a building to the inside. An air vent is the port where air enters a duct, room or area.
ARI - Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute - this non-profit organization is made up of HVAC and refrigeration manufactures who test and rate heat pumps, air conditioners, and publish industry standards.
ASHRAE - American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers- an HVAC organization that publishes industry standards in the areas of HVAC and refrigeration.
BTU - British Thermal Units. The amount of heat it takes to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. The higher the BTU rating, the larger the heating capacity of the furnace or air conditioner. In heating, a BTU measures the heat given off during the combustion of fuel. In air conditioning, it is a unit that represents the capacity to remove that amount of heat from the inside space.
Capacity - The ability of either a cooling or heating system to cool or heat a specific amount of space. Cooling capacity is expressed in tons and heating is usually rated in BTU's.
Central Air Conditioning System - A system in which indoor air is cooled and dehumidified at a central location. The air is delivered to and from the rooms in your house by an air handler and a system of ductwork. Central air conditioners have two separate components: the condenser and the evaporator. The condenser unit is usually located outside the house on a concrete slab. The evaporator coil is mounted in the plenum or main duct junction above the furnace. Most central air conditioners are connected to a home's forced-air distribution system. Thus, the same motor, blower, and ductwork used for heating are used to distribute cool air from the air conditioning system. When a central air conditioner is operating, hot air inside the house flows to the furnace through the return-air duct. The hot air is moved by the blower across the cooled evaporator coil in the plenum and is then delivered through ducts to cool the house. When the air conditioner works but the house doesn't cool, the problem is probably in the distribution system. Both the evaporator and the condenser are sealed. Therefore, a professional service person should be called for almost any maintenance other than routine cleaning. Central air conditioners should be professionally inspected and adjusted before the beginning of every cooling season. However, don't let your maintenance end with this annual checkup. While there aren't many repairs you can make yourself, there are specific maintenance procedures you can follow to keep your system operating at peak efficiency.
Condenser - (Heat Transfer) A device or unit used to condense vapor into liquid. The unit is located outside any air conditioning or heating system. The condenser for a heat pump and a central air conditioning system look alike and are constructed of the same basic parts. A cabinet houses the components and is strong enough to protect them during transport and installation. Inside of the cabinet will be a condenser coil, a compressor, a fan, and controls. The coil is usually made of copper tubing with aluminum fins, but some manufactures use aluminum tubing. Its purpose is to transfer heat as rapidly as possible. The cleaner you keep it, the better it transfers heat. Occasionally rinse it off with a garden hose while the unit is not running, this will help keep it operating efficiently. It may be necessary to put special chemicals on it to clean after many years of use.
The condenser fan moves air across the coil to increase the transfer of heat. It is critical to the system. Obstructing the flow of air will not only reduce efficiency but can lead to compressor failure. Keep debris and objects away from the coil and fan to allow maximum air flow. If removed improperly, damage may occur to the fan. Some condenser fan motors have sealed bearings, others need lubrication, so you may want to have a qualified serviceman handle the lubricating if needed.
The condenser for a heat pump and a central air conditioning system look similar and are constructed of the same basic parts. A cabinet houses the components and inside the cabinet will be a condenser coil, a compressor, a fan, and controls. The coil is usually made of copper tubing with aluminum fins, but some manufactures use aluminum tubing. Its purpose is to transfer heat as rapidly as possible. The cleaner the coil is kept, the better it transfers heat. Rinsing it occasionally with a garden hose,when the unit is not running, will help keep it operating efficiently. After many years of use it may be necessary to put special chemicals on it to clean.
The condenser fan moves air across the coil to increase the transfer of heat. It is critical to the system. Obstructing the flow of air will not only reduce efficiency but can lead to compressor failure. Keep debris and objects away from the coil and fan to allow maximum air flow. Some condenser fan motors have sealed bearings, others need lubrication. Damage to the fan can occur if removed improperly. Have a qualified serviceman handle the lubricating if needed. TOTAL AIR SOLUTIONS can help you service your HVAC system.
Coil - A coil unit is made of tubing or pipe and often has fins for cooling and is part of a heating or cooling system.
Compressor - The motor-pump that drives the air conditioning unit. It is responsible for pumping refrigerant throughout the system. The compressor is the engine of the system. It compresses the refrigerant and pumps it to a coil as a hot gas. For air conditioning, it will be cooled at the condenser into a warm liquid and piped to the evaporator coil to expand and cool. For a heat pump, the hot gas will be pumped directly to the evaporator coil to provide heat. Compressors are of two designs; reciprocating and scroll. A reciprocating compressor is similar to an air compressor. An electric motor spins a crankshaft with pistons and connecting rods. Valves open and close to allow the flow of gas in the desired direction. Special lubricants are used.
Damper - A valve or moveable plate used in duct work that opens and closes to control airflow. They are used to direct air to specific areas of the home.
Downflow Furnace - A type of furnace that takes cool air from the top and blows warm air to the bottom.
Two main types of furnaces- upflow and downflow
Both types work basically the same way: Fuel (usually natural gas) is burnt within a heat exchanger, which produces heat. Simultaneously, a fan blows air over the heat exchanger, which warms the air. The warm air is then blown through ducts to the rooms in the house. Downflow furnaces take advantage of the fact that heat rises naturally. In downflow furnaces, cool air enters the top of the unit, where it is heated, then it exits the furnace at the bottom. The warm air then enters the home through floor heating vents, where it rises to fill the rooms with warmth. Downflow furnaces are usually installed in the main room of a house, while upflow furnaces are located in the basement. Now for all the parts: Downflow furnaces contain a combustion chamber, the heat exchanger mentioned above and a thermostat. As gas is pumped into the combustion chamber, it mixes with air and is ignited by the pilot light. The resulting flame is what warms the heat exchanger, which is made up of several metal tubes. Before the air flows over the heat exchanger, it runs past a filter which is vital for keeping dust, allergens and other pollutants out of the air.. Many furnaces have disposable filters, which need to be replaced periodically, while other filters can be reused after washing. And then there's the Thermostat The settings on the thermostat on a downflow furnace control the temperature of the air produced in the heat exchanger. The thermostat has a temperature sensor, which reads the temperature of the air in the house. When the temperature drops below the set degree, the gas valve in the furnace opens, allowing gas to mix with the air and combustion to occur. When the temperature reaches the desired level, the gas valve closes automatically and the furnace shuts off.
Duct - Ducts are used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove air. These needed airflows include, for example, supply air, return air, and exhaust air. Ducts also deliver, most commonly as part of the supply air, ventilation air. As such, air ducts are one method of ensuring acceptable indoor air quality as well as thermal comfort. A duct system is often called ductwork. Planning ('laying out'), sizing, optimizing, detailing, and finding the pressure losses through a duct system is called duct design (the conduits that carry cooled, warmed, or ventilated air from the air conditioning system or furnace to the rooms).
Ductwork - the system of ducts in a home that deliver air to and from the air conditioning and heating system to the rooms and back. A ductwork system is composed of much more than just the ducts themselves. The ducts are simply the connecting features that transfer air among different parts of the system. The main piece of equipment is the heating and cooling unit where air is temperature controlled and carried through the ducts to different parts of the building. Some of these units can range from the size of a small home air conditioning unit to the size of a large room. The intake unit draws fresh air inside to your home through intake ducts and distributed throughout your home, while stale air is drawn out of the rooms and removed through vents and other outlets. The system also includes blowers, insulation, and vibration control units.
Types of Ductwork:
Ductwork comes in a large variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate any sized home or building. The sheet metal can be custom fabricated for each individual project by a sheet metal contractor. TOTAL AIR SOLUTIONS can do this job for you. The duct is made of steel or galvanized steel, and can be round, square, rectangular, or spiral. This spiral duct is most common on exposed ceilings because of it's unique appearance. In addition, all duct work must be insulated to protect it from condensation and to help control the sound of air flow. The insulation can be integral to the inside walls of the duct or can be wrapped onto the outside after it is installed.
Is Ductwork Green?
Does ductwork contribute to the environmental efficiency of the building? Yes...it can be done! In keeping energy bills low and preventing energy waste, properly sized and sealed duct systems are the single biggest concerns. A system designed by a professional HVAC company like H.A.C. can regulate pressure and air leakage, and can inspect the system once it is installed to ensure it is done per the design specifications. The engineer will then test and balance the ducts to make sure the system is
operating as it should.
Energy Audits - an assessment to measure the current energy consumption for a house, building or indoor area. They are commonly used to make decisions in the "whole house" approach to air conditioning and heating.
Envelope - A term used to describe the condition of the parts of a home or building that interact with outside air. Examples are insulation, windows, doors, walls,roof vents,etc. When making decisions about heating and energy savings, the HVAC equipment and the20condition of the envelope are both considered. A building envelope is the separation between the interior and the exterior environments of a building. It serves as the outer shell to protect the indoor environment as well as to facilitate its climate control.
What kinds of repairs and/or upgrades should you look to perform to improve your envelope?
The U.S. Department of Energy’s office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) features an entire web page devoted to talking about the building envelop, why it’s important, and what you can do about it. The EERE points out that the building envelope consists of “the building’s foundation, walls, roof, windows, and doors,” and reminds us that “the envelope controls the flow of energy between the interior and exterior of the building.”
They state that it will be easier to do the right things with the building envelope during the planning and construction of the building rather than after the building is completed. But what existing building? Can you make improvements to its envelope? The answer is yes; there are still things you can do:
With existing facilities, you have much less opportunity to change most envelope components with some easy simple steps: Reducing outside air infiltration into the home or building can improve your envelope tightness. During re-roofing projects, extra insulation can typically be added with little difficulty. Windows and insulation can be upgraded during more significant building improvements and renovations.
Whether you’re installing a system in a new building/home or upgrading the equipment in an existing structure, its optimal performance (and reduced energy demand) depends on a good building envelope. A tight, insulated shell, including thermally efficient windows and doors, creates an environment that enables ultimate control of conditioned air and ventilation demand and costs.
Field Matching - Describing the addition of new components to older equipment in an air conditioning and heating system. Many pieces of equipment can physically be made to function and the proper matching is critical for these components to meet their design specifications for heating, cooling, comfort and efficiency. Replacing all or part of an air conditioning and heating system furnace and heating equipment can last up to 50% longer than most major air conditioning components. Matching the compatibility of the air conditioning and heating equipment must be considered. They share some equipment, such as the blower. Field (on-site) matching of new and old components compared with manufacturer certified matching of new components can be done, but is not likely the best investment. Two major determinants of your long-term satisfaction with HVAC equipment will always be the quality of the original load calculations and the installation followed up with regularly scheduled maintenance. If you don’t replace all the equipment, you may not be entitled to the same rebates, tax credits, or other financial incentives you would otherwise.
Replace or Repair?
Things to think about when making these tough decisions:
- The home or building is near the end of its structural or economic life and may be removed in the near future.
- The home or building “envelope” is inefficient for energy use to the degree that it requires repair before you can justify installing new higher efficiency equipment. (It would probably make more sense to seal the structure before or at the same time of the new air conditioning and heating system installations.)
- Cash or reasonably affordable financing for new equipment or efficiency improvements to the structure are not available.
- You are planning to move from the home or sell building relatively soon, and you believe the next owner or occupant will make significant structural changes. In this case the value of the installation would be discounted by the new owner or occupant.
- An upcoming change in available equipment or incentives that are not currently available. Examples: new advanced technical features soon to be available on new equipment, new city utility rebate program, and so forth.
GAMA - Gas Appliance Manufacturing Association -- this U.S. trade association serves the interests of manufacturers of gas, oil, and electric appliances and equipment, components and related products used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.
Ground Source – The use of ground or soil below the frost line as the heat source or heat sink for a heat pump.
Ground Source Heat Pump (GHP) -A type of heat pump that uses the stored energy in the soil. These systems use the relatively constant temperature of soil to provide heating, cooling, and hot water for homes and buildings.
Ground Water-Source – The use of water from an underground well as the heat source or heat sink for a heat pump.
Heat Exchanger - A major part of a furnace that transfers heat created in the fuel combustion area to the surrounding air that is pumped into the rooms. This component can develop rust holes or other leaks and problems. To prevent carbon monoxide gas from entering the living areas and for other reasons, the heat exchanger and heating system should be professionally checked regularly.
Heat Recovery System - A system that uses exhaust air to preheat the supply air when the outside air is cooler than the inside air. When the outside air is warmer than the inside air, the exhaust air cools the supply air. A heat-recovery system captures a building exhaust air and reuses some of the energy to precondition the make up air before supplying it to the building. Air-to-air heat-recovery systems for comfort-to-comfort applications can in general be categorized as:
- Sensible heat (dry bulb only) systems
- Total heat (wet bulb-sensible heat plus latent heat) systems
Sensible Heat-Recovery Systems
A sensible heat-recovery systems will transfer sensible (dry-bulb) heat from the exhaust air to the supply air entering the building. Rotary wheel heat exchangers and cross flow heat exchangers are some of the common designs used in typical comfort-to-comfort sensible heat-recovery applications.
Heat Pump -- A type of mechanical compression cycle refrigeration system capable of heating. Heat pumps come in many varieties. Some can be reversed to either heat or cool indoor space, while others are for heating only. One main benefit of heat pumps is their ability to use naturally occurring temperature differentials in air, ground, or water as a heat source or sink to provide indoor comfort.
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) - an overall measure of temperature, humidity, chemical pollutants, biological contaminants, movement of indoor air. Because buildings are being built to more stringent standards IAQ has become more important as an issue. In addition to proper air conditioning, advanced air filtration and ventilation are two of the keys to obtaining better IAQ. Improving Indoor Air Quality- three basic strategies to improve indoor air quality: 1) Source Control 2) Improved Ventilation, and 3) Air cleaners.
- Control From The Source - Eliminate individual sources of pollution or to reduce their emissions. Some sources, like those that contain asbestos, can be sealed or enclosed; others, such as gas stoves, can be adjusted to decrease the amount of emissions. Source control is also a more cost-efficient approach to protecting indoor air quality than increasing ventilation because increasing ventilation can increase energy costs.
- Ventilation Improvements - Increase the amount of outdoor air coming indoors. Most home heating and cooling systems, including forced air heating systems, do not mechanically bring fresh air into the house. Opening windows and doors, operating window or attic fans, when the weather permits, or running a window air conditioner with the vent control open increases the outdoor ventilation rate. Local bathroom or kitchen fans that exhaust outdoors remove contaminants directly from the room where the fan is located and also increase the outdoor air ventilation rate.
- Air Cleaners - The important factor in determining the effectiveness of an air cleaner is the strength of the pollutant source. Table-top air cleaners, in particular, may not remove satisfactory amounts of pollutants from strong nearby sources. People with a sensitivity to particular sources may find that air cleaners are helpful only in conjunction with concerted efforts to remove the source. Indoor houseplants should not be over-watered because overly damp soil may promote the growth of microorganisms which can affect allergic individuals.
Load - The required rate of heat removal.
Load calculation - A computation of the quantity of cooling and heating (in British Thermal Units-BTUs) an air conditioning and heating system must produce for indoor comfort.
Media -- As used in air conditioning and heating, the material in an air filter that traps and holds the impurities until it is cleaned or replaced.
NATE – North American Technician Excellence - this is the nonprofit organization that tests and certifies technicians in heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration.
OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer- Generally used in contrast with aftermarket, or equipment produced by someone other than the original.
Open Loop -- a system where water is pumped from a well, pond, lake or river for use in a heat pump. The geothermal system consists of three parts.
loop system-open loop and closed loop systems. These systems carry either water or a water-antifreeze mixture. Open loop systems are commonly called "pump and dump" systems. They pump water from a well to the system then return it to another well or discharge it on the surface. Closed loop systems - the industry standard. These loop systems use a sealed water system where the water is recycled instead of being dumped.
There are three basic ways these systems are installed:
- Horizontal loop system- Plastic pipes buried in trenches about four feet deep. It is an economical solution where sufficient land area is available.
- Vertical loop system - Pipes are buried in a series of holes drilled down around 200 feet. The holes are filled with a material called grout. This ensures good heat transfer between the pipe and the ground. This method is usually more expensive to install due to the specialized drilling required. But, much less land area is required, so it is a more common solution in smaller cities and towns.
- Loop system- Submerging in a pond or lake. Usually the loops are placed on a rack and submerged.
Package Heat Pump - A refrigeration system that has all its components in one cabinet. Contrast with “split system."
PMA – Planned Maintenance Agreement -- these are agreements offered by HVAC contractors that set a certain number of maintenance visits per year, usually for a discounted fee. They are known by a variety of phrases, such as “maintenance inspection agreements," “planned service agreements” and so on.
R-22 - An air conditioning refrigerant that contains chlorine. According to the terms of the Montreal Protocol, the U.S. EPA agreed to a phase out schedule for HCFCs, Including R-22, between the years 2004 and 2020.
R-410A - The refrigerant that is replacing R-22. It contains no chlorine and is not associated with ozone depletion.
R-factor - A rating of insulating or thermal resistance value. The ability to slow heat flow rather than to transmit it. A higher "R", number means better insulating value.
Radiant barrier – A layer of thin material, usually made of metallic foil, that reflects heat in a specific direction. Among their many uses, these are used inside attics and in roofing materials to reduce heat gain or heat loss. Cross reference “envelope” and “whole house approach”.
Radiant Floor Heating -The use of embedded tubing within concrete floors through which hot water is pumped for heating the floor and space around it.
Return side - The path of air as it goes to the air-handler or furnace so it can be cooled or heated. The Return side should be “balanced” with the supply side to achieve optimum airflow and comfort. Sometimes described as “return”, or “return air”. Contrast with “supply side” below.
Reversing Heat Pump – a type of heat pump in which the condenser and evaporator coils exchange roles when the direction of the flow of refrigerant in the machine changes.
Scroll Compressor - refer to “compressor, scroll” above.
SEER – Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio - a rating of the efficiency of air conditioner or heat pump. A higher number means the equipment is more efficient at converting electricity to cooling. As of January 2006, U.S. government regulations require all air conditioning manufacturers to produce residential central air conditioners with 13 SEER or higher.
Self-Contained System - A refrigerating system that can be moved without disconnecting any refrigerant lines. Also called a “package unit” or “single package."
Sick Building Syndrome - A combination of problems and complaints about indoor building environments and related human health issues. The syndrome has become more common since buildings are built to “tighter” standards for energy efficiency. In addition to proper air conditioning and heating, advanced air filtration and ventilation are two of the keys to better indoor air. Refer to “Indoor air quality” above.
Single Package - A central air conditioner unit that contains both the condenser and air handling components in one packaged unit.
Sound Rating Number (SRN) -- A unit of sound based on ARI standard tests for air conditioners and heat pumps. SRN is measured in bels (one bel equals ten decibels). A lower rating means quieter equipment. Most air conditioners operate at 8 to 9 bels. The quietest units are rated to operate at 6.8 bels. A small difference in numerical rating translates into a large sound difference.
Source Temperature - The temperature of the medium from which a refrigeration system extracts its heat.
Split System - The most common type of air conditioning and heating systems found in homes. It is a central system with two or more major components located apart from each other. The condensing unit is located outside the structure, and the air handling unit is located inside. Refrigerant lines and electrical wiring run between the two. The components of split systems must be matched for optimum efficiency. Contrast with “package unit."
Supply Side – The part of an air conditioning and heating system that moves the conditioned air from the air handler or furnace to the rooms. The supply side should be balanced with the return side for optimum performance. Refer to “return side” above.
Thermostat - A control device that consists of a series of sensors and relays that monitor and activate the functions of an air conditioning and heating system. Generally, older thermostats are mechanical and more recent ones are electronic. See also “programmable thermostat."
Ton -- The unit of measurement for capacity of air conditioning systems. One ton of air conditioning removes 12,000 BTUs of heat per hour. See also BTU and BTHh above.
Two-Stage - In air conditioners or heat pumps, a phrase used to describe equipment that operates at more than speed. This feature is usually associated with higher efficiency compressors, because they operate at low speed (thus lower energy usage) most of the time. However, when more air conditioning is needed, the equipment switches to the higher stage for increased comfort. Cross reference “variable speed” fans below.
Upflow Furnace - A type of heating unit in which air is drawn in through the sides or bottom and the warm air gets discharged at the top. Contrast to “downflow furnace."
Variable-Speed Motor - in HVAC fans and blowers, a type motor that runs at a wide range of speeds rather than just one. When properly coordinated with other equipment such as the compressor and thermostat, variable speed fans circulate air at a flow that enhances temperature control, filtration, humidity control, and more, while reducing noise and energy consumption.
Vent - As a verb, to bring in fresh air or remove unwanted air - to ventilate. As a noun, the port where air enters or exits a duct, room, or area. Refer to “air vent."
Ventilation - A mechanical system that brings in and circulates fresh air into a building. The letter “V” in the acronym “HVAC” stands for ventilation.
Water Source - The use of water as the heat sink or heat source for heat pumps. The water to provide the needed temperature differential can be underground, such as in a well, or surface water such as lakes or rivers. Cross reference “air source” and “ground source."
Whole House Approach – A system plan for of indoor climate control and comfort that considers the interaction between humans, the structure, the building orientation, climate, and other elements or components. Other considerations include appliances, insulation, lighting, space heating and cooling efficiency, water heating, and more. Also see “envelope."
Window Air Conditioner -- A type of portable package air conditioning unit that fits in the window. Cross reference “ductless air conditioner."
Zoned System -- A single HVAC system that can meet different heating and cooling requirements for two or more areas, called “zones”. This design increases indoor comfort and energy efficiency by controlling when and where space heating and cooling is directed. Zoning uses programmable thermostats to control equipment operating times and dampers to divert air flow to certain areas or "zones."
AIR CONDITIONING - HEATING - VENTILATION GLOSSARY
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